Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.

Prevalence of common mental disorders among Brazilian workers: systematic review and meta-analysis / Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores brasileiros: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract The aim of the present study was to summarize the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among Brazilian workers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had; an observational design, a sample of Brazilian workers, used a validated instrument and cut-off to assess CMD, and provided the prevalence value. A random-effect meta-analysis using professional categories as subgroups and a meta-regression were conducted. In total, 89 studies were included, with a total of 56,278 workers from 26 professional categories. The overall pooled prevalence of CMD was 0.30 (95%CI: 0.27-0.34), varying from 0.07 to 0.58. Professional categories that presented higher prevalences of CMD were: Prostitutes 0.58 (95%CI: 0.51-0.65), Social Educators 0.54 (95%CI: 0.50-0.59), Banking Workers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.44-0.47), Ragpickers 0.45 (95%CI: 0.40-0.49), and Teachers 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32-0.48). No other variable in addition to profession was associated with prevalence of CMD in the meta-regression analysis. Workers from the most affected professional categories should be monitored to prevent social, occupational, and health impairment from CMD.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em trabalhadores brasileiros por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise. As buscas foram realizadas no SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Artigos observacionais, com amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros, que utilizaram instrumento e ponto de corte validados e que apresentaram valor de prevalência foram incluídos. Foram realizadas a meta-análise com efeito aleatório utilizando as categorias profissionais como subgrupos e a meta-regressão. Foram incluídos 89 estudos, com um total de 56.278 trabalhadores de 26 categorias profissionais. A prevalência global de TMC foi de 0,30 (IC95%: 0,27-0,34), variando de 0,07 a 0,58. As categorias profissionais que apresentaram maiores valores de TMC foram: prostitutas 0,58 (IC95%: 0,51-0,65), educadores sociais 0.54 (IC95%: 0,50-0,59), bancários 0,45 (IC95%: 0,44-0,47), coletores 0,45 (IC95%: 0,40-0,49) e professores 0,40 (IC95%: 0,32-0,48). Nenhuma outra variável além da profissão se associou ao TMC na meta-regressão. Trabalhadores das categorias profissionais mais afetadas por TMC devem ser monitorados para prevenir os prejuízos sociais, ocupacionais e de saúde associados aos TMC.

Aulas de educação física e desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros / Physical education classes and health outcomes in brazilian students

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre participação e atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física com desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros. Métodos: 681 estudantes brasileiros (50,5% do sexo feminino) com idades de 10 a 17 anos participaram desse estudo transversal. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram a participação e a atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física, ambas estimadas por meio de um questionário autorrelatado. Os desfechos foram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste de Shuttle Run de 20 m), força muscular (push-up test), sobrepeso e obesidade (índice de massa corporal) e pressão arterial elevada. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) ajustados para as variáveis de confusão (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos pais, atividade física e comportamento sedentário), considerando a amostragem complexa. Resultados: A participação nas aulas de Educação física não se associou com nenhum dos desfechos estudados. Ser ativo durante as aulas de Educação física associou-se com o atendimento do critério de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória (RP=1,34, IC95% 1,16-1,55) e força muscular (RP=1,36 IC95% 1,09-1,71). O mesmo não ocorreu para sobrepeso (RP=1,04, IC95% 0,95-1,14), obesidade (RP=1,02, IC95% 0,91-1,05) e pressão arterial elevada (RP=0,98, IC95% 0,90-1,06). Conclusões: Estudantes que relataram ser ativos nas aulas apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender aos critérios de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. No entanto, as aulas tradicionalmente oferecidas no Brasil não protegem os estudantes do sobrepeso, obesidade ou pressão arterial elevada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes with health outcomes in Brazilian students. Methods: 681 Brazilian students (50.5% female) aged 10 to 17 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Independent variables analyzed were participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes, both assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were: cardiorespiratory fitness (20-meter Shuttle Run test), muscle strength (Push-up test), overweight and obesity (body mass index) and high blood pressure. Statistical analysis was conducted by Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, parental education, physical activity and sedentary behavior), considering the complex sample design. Results: Participation in Physical Education classes was not associated with any of the studied variables. Being active during Physical Education classes was associated with achieving health related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR=1.34, 95%CI 1.16-1.55) and muscle strength (PR=1.36, 95%CI 1.09-1.71). The same did not occur for overweight (PR=1.04, 95%CI 0.95-1.14), obesity (PR=1.02, 95%CI 0.91-1.05), or high blood pressure (PR=0.98, 95%CI 0.90-1.06). Conclusions: Students who reported being active during classes presented a higher likelihood to achieve the health criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. However, classes traditionally offered in Brazil do not protect students from overweight, obesity, or high blood pressure.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AND HEALTH OUTCOMES IN BRAZILIAN STUDENTS. / AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DESFECHOS RELACIONADOS À SAÚDE EM ESTUDANTES BRASILEIROS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes with health outcomes in Brazilian students. METHODS: 681 Brazilian students (50.5% female) aged 10 to 17 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Independent variables analyzed were participation and physical activity during Physical Education classes, both assessed using a self-report questionnaire. The outcomes were: cardiorespiratory fitness (20-meter Shuttle Run test), muscle strength (Push-up test), overweight and obesity (body mass index) and high blood pressure. Statistical analysis was conducted by Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex, parental education, physical activity and sedentary behavior), considering the complex sample design. RESULTS: Participation in Physical Education classes was not associated with any of the studied variables. Being active during Physical Education classes was associated with achieving health related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR=1.34, 95%CI 1.16-1.55) and muscle strength (PR=1.36, 95%CI 1.09-1.71). The same did not occur for overweight (PR=1.04, 95%CI 0.95-1.14), obesity (PR=1.02, 95%CI 0.91-1.05), or high blood pressure (PR=0.98, 95%CI 0.90-1.06). CONCLUSIONS: Students who reported being active during classes presented a higher likelihood to achieve the health criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. However, classes traditionally offered in Brazil do not protect students from overweight, obesity, or high blood pressure.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a associação entre participação e atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física com desfechos relacionados à saúde em estudantes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: 681 estudantes brasileiros (50,5% do sexo feminino) com idades de 10 a 17 anos participaram desse estudo transversal. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram a participação e a atividade física durante as aulas de Educação Física, ambas estimadas por meio de um questionário autorrelatado. Os desfechos foram a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste de Shuttle Run de 20 m), força muscular (push-up test), sobrepeso e obesidade (índice de massa corporal) e pressão arterial elevada. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) ajustados para as variáveis de confusão (idade, sexo, escolaridade dos pais, atividade física e comportamento sedentário), considerando a amostragem complexa. RESULTADOS: A participação nas aulas de Educação física não se associou com nenhum dos desfechos estudados. Ser ativo durante as aulas de Educação física associou-se com o atendimento do critério de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória (RP=1,34, IC95% 1,16-1,55) e força muscular (RP=1,36 IC95% 1,09-1,71). O mesmo não ocorreu para sobrepeso (RP=1,04, IC95% 0,95-1,14), obesidade (RP=1,02, IC95% 0,91-1,05) e pressão arterial elevada (RP=0,98, IC95% 0,90-1,06). CONCLUSÕES: Estudantes que relataram ser ativos nas aulas apresentaram maior probabilidade de atender aos critérios de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória e força muscular. No entanto, as aulas tradicionalmente oferecidas no Brasil não protegem os estudantes do sobrepeso, obesidade ou pressão arterial elevada.

Higher cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in males could not be attributed to physical activity, sports practice or sedentary behavior in young people / Maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular em meninos não pode ser atribuída à atividade física, prática esportiva ou comportamento sedentário em jovens

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze if the association between sex with cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness is independent of physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior in young people. A cross-sectional study involving 729 participants aged 10 to 17 years. Physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior were assessed through a questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using 20m shuttle run test and were analyzed: VO2max, number of laps and health-related criteria. Muscular fitness was assessed with 90o push-up test and number of repetition and health-related criteria was analyzed. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate β coeficients and Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratios (PR). Male sex was associated to higher cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max β = 9.04 to 9.77, Laps PR=1.67 to 1.80, health-related criteria PR=2.03 to 2.09) and the same occurred with muscular fitness (repetitions PR=2.81 to 3.01, health-related criteria PR=1.91 to 2.09). Similarly, the stratification of the sample according to physical activity, sports practice and sedentary behavior did not change the associations between sex with cardiorespiratory (VO2max β=8.07 to 10.00, Laps PR=1.49 to 1.85, health-related criteria PR=1.64 to 2.27) and muscular fitness (repetitions PR=2.24 to 3.22, health-related criteria PR=1.76 to 2.06). These data suggest that higher cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in males could not be attributed to physical activity, sports practice or sedentary behavior in young people.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar se a associação entre o sexo e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular é independente da atividade física, prática esportiva e comportamento sedentário em jovens. Estudo transversal envolvendo 729 participantes com idade de 10 a 17 anos. A atividade física, prática esportiva e o comportamento sedentário foram analisados por meio de um questionário. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi medida pelo teste de vai e vem de 20m e foram analisados: VO2max, número de voltas e o critério de saúde. A aptidão muscular foi obtida pelo teste de flexão de cotovelos de 90º e foram analisados o número de repetições e o critério de saúde. A regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para estimar os coeficientes β e a regressão de Poisson estimou a razão de prevalência (RP). O sexo masculino se associou com a maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória nas análises brutas e ajustadas (VO2max β = 9.04 a 9.77, voltas RP=1.67 a 1.80, critério de saúde RP=2.03 a 2.09) e o mesmo ocorreu com a aptidão muscular (repetições RP=2.81 a 3.01, critério de saúde RP=1.91 a 2.09). A estratificação da amostra de acordo com a atividade física, prática esportiva e comportamento sedentário não alterou as associações entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2max β=8.07 a 10.00, voltas RP=1.49 a 1.85, critério de saúde RP=1.64 a 2.27) e muscular (repetições RP=2.24 a 3.22, critério de saúde RP=1.76 a 2.06). Os resultados sugerem que a maior aptidão cardiorrespiratória e muscular em meninos não pode ser atribuída à atividade física, prática esportiva ou comportamento sedentário em jovens.

Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners. / O sobrepeso e a obesidade não estão associados com a pressão arterial elevada em jovens praticantes de esportes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight and obesity with high blood pressure (HBP) according to sports practice in young people. Took part in this study 636 young people aged 10 to 17 years of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil. Sex, age, parental education, sedentary behavior, sports practice, nutritional status and blood pressure were analysed. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals. Overweight and obesity young people showed higher prevalence of HBP compared to eutrophics when analysed the total sample (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) and non sport practitioners (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), which did not occur with sports practitioners (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Positive associations were found between overweight and obesity with HBP in total sample (PR = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 and 1,93, 1,15-3,25) and on non sport practitioners (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 and 2,15, 1,10-4,16). For young people sports practitioners were not found associations between overweight and obesity with HBP (PR = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 and 1,09, 0,48-2,48). Weight excess was not associated with HBP in young people sports practitioners, suggesting cardiovascular protection in young people with overweight and obesity.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a pressão arterial elevada (PAE), de acordo com a prática esportiva de jovens. Participaram do estudo 636 jovens de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Londrina-PR. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade paterna, comportamento sedentário, prática esportiva, estado nutricional e pressão arterial. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95%. Jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram maiores prevalências de PAE, comparados aos eutróficos, quando analisadas a amostra total (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) e os não praticantes de esportes (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), o mesmo não ocorrendo com os praticantes de esportes (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Foram encontradas associações positivas entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a PAE na amostra total (RP = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 e 1,93, 1,15-3,25) e nos jovens não praticantes de esportes (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 e 2,15, 1,10-4,16). Para os jovens praticantes de esportes não foram encontradas associações entre sobrepeso e obesidade com a PAE (RP = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 e 1,09, 0,48-2,48). O excesso de peso não se associou com a PAE em jovens praticantes de esportes, sugerindo proteção cardiovascular nos jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Physical education classes aim to promote health but it is unknown whether benefits occur independently of sports practice. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between engagement in physical education classes and physical fitness and obesity according to sports practice among Brazilian students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional school-based study involving 737 students aged 10-17 years in southern Brazil. METHODS: Engagement in physical education classes and sports practice were analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The health indicators analyzed were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, obesity and combinations thereof. The covariates were sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for confounding variables were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to sports practice. RESULTS: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with achievement of health-related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.52), muscle strength (PR = 1.55), obesity + cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.51), obesity + muscle strength (PR = 1.70), cardiorespiratory fitness + muscle strength (PR = 2.60) and the three outcomes combined (PR = 2.43), only among non-sports practitioners, all P < 0.05. Engagement in physical education classes was not associated with obesity (PR = 1.00, P > 0.05). No associations were found for sports practitioners (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with health among non-sports practitioners. However, to protect students from obesity and promote additional health benefits for sports practitioners, the conventional physical education program offered to the sample studied should be reformulated.

O sobrepeso e a obesidade não estão associados com a pressão arterial elevada em jovens praticantes de esportes / Overweight and obesity are not associated to high blood pressure in young people sport practitioners

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a pressão arterial elevada (PAE), de acordo com a prática esportiva de jovens. Participaram do estudo 636 jovens de 10 a 17 anos da cidade de Londrina-PR. Foram analisadas as variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade paterna, comportamento sedentário, prática esportiva, estado nutricional e pressão arterial. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95%. Jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentaram maiores prevalências de PAE, comparados aos eutróficos, quando analisadas a amostra total (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) e os não praticantes de esportes (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), o mesmo não ocorrendo com os praticantes de esportes (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Foram encontradas associações positivas entre o sobrepeso e a obesidade com a PAE na amostra total (RP = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 e 1,93, 1,15-3,25) e nos jovens não praticantes de esportes (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 e 2,15, 1,10-4,16). Para os jovens praticantes de esportes não foram encontradas associações entre sobrepeso e obesidade com a PAE (RP = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 e 1,09, 0,48-2,48). O excesso de peso não se associou com a PAE em jovens praticantes de esportes, sugerindo proteção cardiovascular nos jovens com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association between overweight and obesity with high blood pressure (HBP) according to sports practice in young people. Took part in this study 636 young people aged 10 to 17 years of Londrina, Parana State, Brazil. Sex, age, parental education, sedentary behavior, sports practice, nutritional status and blood pressure were analysed. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals. Overweight and obesity young people showed higher prevalence of HBP compared to eutrophics when analysed the total sample (25,7 e 29,5 vs 15,2%) and non sport practitioners (29,7 e 33,3 vs 15,1%), which did not occur with sports practitioners (17,1 e 18,2 vs 15,5%). Positive associations were found between overweight and obesity with HBP in total sample (PR = 1,60, 1,02-2,52 and 1,93, 1,15-3,25) and on non sport practitioners (RP = 1,80, 1,05-3,14 and 2,15, 1,10-4,16). For young people sports practitioners were not found associations between overweight and obesity with HBP (PR = 1,01, 0,36-2,82 and 1,09, 0,48-2,48). Weight excess was not associated with HBP in young people sports practitioners, suggesting cardiovascular protection in young people with overweight and obesity.

Engagement in physical education classes and health among young people: does sports practice matter? A cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Physical education classes aim to promote health but it is unknown whether benefits occur independently of sports practice. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between engagement in physical education classes and physical fitness and obesity according to sports practice among Brazilian students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional school-based study involving 737 students aged 10-17 years in southern Brazil. METHODS: Engagement in physical education classes and sports practice were analyzed using a self-report questionnaire. The health indicators analyzed were cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, obesity and combinations thereof. The covariates were sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and sedentary behavior. Prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for confounding variables were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to sports practice. RESULTS: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with achievement of health-related criteria for cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.52), muscle strength (PR = 1.55), obesity + cardiorespiratory fitness (PR = 1.51), obesity + muscle strength (PR = 1.70), cardiorespiratory fitness + muscle strength (PR = 2.60) and the three outcomes combined (PR = 2.43), only among non-sports practitioners, all P < 0.05. Engagement in physical education classes was not associated with obesity (PR = 1.00, P > 0.05). No associations were found for sports practitioners (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Engagement in physical education classes was associated with health among non-sports practitioners. However, to protect students from obesity and promote additional health benefits for sports practitioners, the conventional physical education program offered to the sample studied should be reformulated.

FATORES ASSOCIADOS À APTIDÃO CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA DE ESCOLARES / FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN SCHOOL STUDENTS / FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA APTITUD CARDIORRESPIRATORIA DE LOS ESCOLARES

RESUMO Introdução: Há alta prevalência de jovens que não atendem ao critério de saúde para aptidão cardior- respiratória, o que os expõe a riscos relacionados à saúde metabólica, cardiovascular e mental. Dessa forma, é relevante investigar quais aspectos estão associados à aptidão cardiorrespiratória de jovens. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu 736 escolares (50,1% do sexo feminino) com idade entre 10 a 18 anos. Foram analisadas a condição socioeconômica, escolaridade paterna, número de irmãos, percepção de atividade física, atividade física moderada a vigorosa, participação nas aulas de educação física, prática esportiva, local para prática, transporte ativo e comportamento sedentário. Foram coletadas medidas de estatura, massa corporal e realizado um teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Para estimar a razão de prevalência (RP) e os intervalos de confiança de 95% foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Para escolares com idade inferior a 14 anos, as variáveis que apresentaram associação com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória foram o sexo feminino (RP = 0,79, 0,68-0,91), sobrepeso (RP = 0,73, 0,61-0,89), percepção de atividade física igual às pessoas de mesma idade (RP = 1,26, 1,03-1,53), atividade física semanal de 3-6h (RP = 1,21, 1,05-1,38), participação nas aulas de educação física (RP = 1,35, 1,03-1,76) e comportamento sedentário ≥ 2h (RP = 0,82, 0,73-0,94). Com relação aos escolares com idade igual ou superior a 14 anos, o sexo feminino (RP = 0,35, 0,19-0,63), o sobrepeso (RP = 0,25, 0,09-0,66), praticar esportes algumas vezes (RP = 1,96, 1,00-3,81) e frequentemente (RP = 2,09, 1,01-4,31) apresentaram associação com a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: Programas de intervenção com o objetivo de aumentar o atendimento ao critério de saúde para aptidão cardiorrespiratória de escolares devem promover a prática de atividade física moderada a vigorosa, prática esportiva, participação nas aulas de educação física e redução do sobrepeso.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a high prevalence of youth that not meet the health criterion for cardiorespiratory fitness, which exposes them to risks related to metabolic, cardiovascular and mental health. Thus, it is relevant to investigate which aspects are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in school students. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 736 students (50.1% female) with age between 10 and 18 years. The following has been analyzed: the socioeconomic condition, paternal education, number of siblings, physical activity perception, moderate to vigorous physical activity, participation in physical education classes, sport practice, place to practice, active transport and sedentary behavior. Height and body mass were measured and a cardiorespiratory fitness test was performed. Prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the Poisson regression. Results: For students aged less than 14 years, variables that presented association with cardiorespiratory fitness were female sex (PR = 0.79, 0.68-0.91), overweight (PR = 0.73, 0.61-0.89), physical activity perception equal to persons of the same age (PR = 1.26, 1.03-1.53), weekly physical activity 3-6h (PR = 1.21, 1.05-1.38), participation in physical education classes (PR = 1.35, 1.03-1.76), and sedentary behavior ≥ 2h (RP = 0.82, 0.73-0.94). With respect to students aged 14 years or more, female sex (PR = 0.35, 0.19-0.63), overweight (PR = 0.25, 0.09-0.66), practicing sports a few times (PR = 1.96, 1.00-3.81) and frequently (PR =2.09, 1.01-4.31) presented association with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: Intervention programs aiming at increasing health criterion requirement for cardiorespiratory fitness of students should promote moderate to vigorous physical activity, sport practice, participation in physical education classes and overweight reduction.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existe una alta prevalencia de jóvenes que no cumplen los criterios de salud para aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, que los expone a riesgos relacionados con la salud metabólica, cardiovascular y mental. De este modo, es importante investigar qué aspectos están asociados con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria de los jóvenes. Objetivo: Analizar los factores relacionados con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en escolares. Métodos: Estudio transversal que implica 736 escolares (50,1% mujeres) de 10 a 18 años de edad. Fueron analizados el nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad paterna, número de hermanos, percepción de la actividad física, actividad física moderada a vigorosa, participación en las clases de educación física, práctica deportiva, lugar para práctica, transporte activo y el comportamiento sedentario. Fueron tomadas las medidas de talla, masa corporal y llevado a cabo una prueba de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Para estimar la razón de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza de 95% se utilizó la regresión de Poisson. Resultados: En los escolares menores de 14 años, las variables que se asociaron con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria fueron el sexo femenino (RP = 0,79, 0,68 a 0,91), exceso de peso (RP = 0,73, 0,61-0,89), percepción de actividad física igual a las personas de la misma edad (RP = 1,26, 1,03-1.53), actividad física semanal 3-6h (RP = 1,21, 1,05-1,38), participación en las clases de educación física (RP = 1,35, 1,03-1,76) y el comportamiento sedentario ≥ 2h (RP = 0,82, 0,73-0,94). Con respecto a los escolares mayores de 14 años, el sexo femenino (RP = 0,35, 0,19-0,63), exceso de peso (RP = 0,25, 0,09-0,66), práctica de deportes algunas veces (RP = 1,96, 1,00-3,81) y frecuentemente (RP = 2,09, 1,01-4,31) se asociaron con la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusión: Los programas de intervención con el propósito de aumentar el cumplimiento de los criterios de salud para la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en escolares deben promover la práctica de actividad física moderada a vigorosa, práctica deportiva, participación en las clases de educación física y la reducción del exceso de peso.

[Agreement between two cutoff points for physical activity and associated factors in young individuals]. / Concordância entre dois pontos de corte para atividade física e fatores associados em jovens.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the agreement between two cutoff points for physical activity (300 and 420 minutes/week) and associated factors in youth. METHODS: The study enrolled 738 adolescents of Londrina city, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The following variables were collected by a self report questionnaire: presence of moderate to vigorous physical activity, gender, age, father and mother education level, with whom the adolescent lives, number of siblings, physical activity perception, participation in Physical Education classes, facilities available to physical activity practice and sedentary behavior. Prevalence of physical activity between criterions were compared using McNemar test and the agreement was analysed by Kappa index. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was applied. RESULTS: The prevalence for physical activity was significantly different: 22,3% for 300 minutes/week and 12,8% for 420 minutes/week (p<0,05), but the agreement was strong (k=0,82, p<0,001). The variables gender, father education, physical activity perception and sedentary behavior were associated to physical activity in both analyzed criteria. Participation in Physical Education class and facilities available to physical activity practice were associated to physical activity only with 300 minutes/week cutoff point. CONCLUSION: Caution is suggested regarding cutoffs use for physical activity in epidemiological studies, considering they can result in differences in prevalence of physical activity and its associated factors.

Concordância entre dois pontos de corte para atividade física e fatores associados em jovens / Agreement between two cutoff points for physical activity and associated factors in young individuals

Objetivo: Analisar a concordância entre dois pontos de corte para atividade física (300 e 420 minutos/semana) e os fatores associados em jovens. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 738 adolescentes da cidade de Londrina-PR, Brasil. A prática de atividade física em intensidade moderada a vigorosa e as variáveis sexo, idade, escolaridade paterna e materna, com quem mora, número de irmãos, percepção de atividade física, participação nas aulas de educação física, local para prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário foram coletadas por meio de um questionário. A prevalência de atividade física entre os critérios foi comparada por meio do teste de McNemar, a concordância avaliada, por meio do índice Kappa, e a análise multivariada, por meio da regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência de atividade física foi significativamente diferente: 22,3% para 300 minutos/semana e 12,8% para 420 minutos/semana (p<0,05), e a concordância foi forte (k=0,82, p<0,001). As variáveis sexo, escolaridade paterna, percepção de atividade física e comportamento sedentário se associaram com a atividade física em ambos os critérios analisados. A participação nas aulas de educação física e a disponibilidade de locais para prática se associaram apenas com o ponto de corte 300 minutos/semana. Conclusões: Sugere-se cautela ao utilizar pontos de corte para atividade física em estudos epidemiológicos, considerando que pode resultar em diferença na prevalência de atividade física e dos fatores a ela associados...

Objective: To analyze the agreement between two cutoff points for physical activity (300 and 420 minutes/week) and associated factors in youth. Methods: The study enrolled 738 adolescents of Londrina city, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The following variables were collected by a self report questionnaire: presence of moderate to vigorous physical activity, gender, age, father and mother education level, with whom the adolescent lives, number of siblings, physical activity perception, participation in Physical Education classes, facilities available to physical activity practice and sedentary behavior. Prevalence of physical activity between criterions were compared using McNemar test and the agreement was analysed by Kappa index. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was applied. Results: The prevalence for physical activity was significantly different: 22,3% for 300 minutes/week and 12,8% for 420 minutes/week (p<0,05), but the agreement was strong (k=0,82, p<0,001). The variables gender, father education, physical activity perception and sedentary behavior were associated to physical activity in both analyzed criteria. Participation in Physical Education class and facilities available to physical activity practice were associated to physical activity only with 300 minutes/week cutoff point. Conclusion: Caution is suggested regarding cutoffs use for physical activity in epidemiological studies, considering they can result in differences in prevalence of physical activity and its associated factors...

[Factors associated with participation in sports and physical education among students from Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil]. / Prática esportiva e participação nas aulas de educação física: fatores associados em estudantes de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.

This study aimed to analyze factors associated with participation in sports and physical education. The sample consisted of 827 young people selected in two stages and stratified by neighborhood of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The study analyzed participation in sports and physical education in relation to socio-demographic, behavioral, and environmental variables. Factors associated with participation in physical education included: male gender, age (10-13 years), equal to high self-rated physical activity, participation in sports, moving around during classes, and having classes on the court. Factors associated with participation in sports were male gender, age (10-13 years), equal to high self-rated physical activity, physical activity (≥ 7 hours/week), participation in physical education, having ≥ 10 friends, participation in sports with friends, and frequency using facilities for sports practice. These factors should be considered in programs to encourage sports and participation in physical education.

Prática esportiva e participação nas aulas de educação física: fatores associados em estudantes de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil / Factors associated with participation in sports and physical education among students from Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil / Práctica deportiva y participación en las clases de educación física: factores asociados en estudiantes de la ciudad de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à prática esportiva e participação nas aulas de educação física. A amostra foi composta por 827 jovens, selecionados em dois estágios e estratificados por região da cidade de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Foram analisadas a prática esportiva, participação nas aulas de educação física e variáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e ambientais. Os fatores associados à participação nas aulas de educação física foram: sexo masculino, idade (10-13 anos), percepção de atividade física igual ou elevada, prática esportiva, movimentação durante as aulas e realizar aulas na quadra. Para a prática esportiva, os fatores associados foram o sexo masculino, idade (10-13 anos), percepção de atividade física igual/elevada, atividade física (≥ 7horas/semana), participação nas aulas de educação física, possuir ≥ 10 amigos, prática de esportes com amigos e frequência de utilização de lugares para a prática. Esses fatores devem ser considerados nos programas de incentivo à prática esportiva e à participação nas aulas de educação física.

This study aimed to analyze factors associated with participation in sports and physical education. The sample consisted of 827 young people selected in two stages and stratified by neighborhood of Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The study analyzed participation in sports and physical education in relation to socio-demographic, behavioral, and environmental variables. Factors associated with participation in physical education included: male gender, age (10-13 years), equal to high self-rated physical activity, participation in sports, moving around during classes, and having classes on the court. Factors associated with participation in sports were male gender, age (10-13years), equal to high self-rated physical activity, physical activity (≥ 7hours/week), participation in physical education, having ≥ 10 friends, participation in sports with friends, and frequency using facilities for sports practice. These factors should be considered in programs to encourage sports and participation in physical education.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores asociados a la práctica deportiva y participación en las clases de educación física. La muestra consistió en 827 jóvenes; se seleccionó en dos etapas y estratificó por región en la ciudad de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Se analizó la práctica deportiva, participación en las clases de educación física y variables sociodemográficas, de comportamiento y ambientales. Los factores asociados a la participación en las clases de educación física fueron: sexo masculino, edad (10-13 años), percepción de actividad física igual o superior, práctica deportiva, ejercicio en las clases y clases en pista deportiva. Para la práctica deportiva, los factores asociados fueron: sexo masculino, edad (10-13 años), percepción de actividad física igual o superior, actividad física (≥ 7 horas/semana), participación en las clases de educación física, tener ≥ 10 amigos, práctica deportiva con amigos y frecuencia de uso de las instalaciones. Estos factores deben ser considerados en programas de incentivos a la práctica deportiva y participación en las clases de educación física.

[The association between socioeconomic indicators andadolescents'physical activity and health-related fitness]. / Associação entre indicadores socioeconômicos com a atividade física e aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at analysing the association between socioeconomic indicators and adolescents' physical activity and health-related fitness. METHODS: The study involved 716 adolescents from both genders whose age ranged from 10 to 18 years-old (46.8% male) who answered a questionnaire for estimating their habitual physical activity, socioeconomic status; two health-related physical fitness tests were also performed. The socioeconomic indicators analysed concerned their parents' educational level and the number of bathrooms, TVs, cars, housemaids, refrigerators and freezers in their homes. RESULTS: A positive association was found between paternal education (PR=1.61 (range 1.27-2.10) and 1.41 (1.10-1.83)) and housemaids (PR=1.97 (1.04-3.81) and 1.92 (1.05-3.52)) with recommended physical activity and leisure time physical activity, respectively. The number of cars (PR=1.48: 1.02-2.19) and freezers (PR=1.88: 1.12-3.18) was positively associated with leisure time physical activity and the number of TVs negatively so (PR=0.75: 0.63-0.89). The number of TVs (PR=0.80: 0.67-0.96) and cars (PR=0.70: 0.55-0.89) was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness whilst paternal education (PR=1.17: 1.00-1.37) and the number of bathrooms in the home (PR=1.25: 1.02-1.54) were positively associated with muscular strength. CONCLUSION: Physical activity and health-related physical fitness were associated with socioeconomic status. However, such association depended on the socioeconomic indicator being analysed. Caution should be taken when analysing studies which use different socioeconomic indicators.